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	<title>virtualterritory &#187; lights</title>
	<atom:link href="http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/category/lights/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com</link>
	<description>new technologies and their effect on the making and teaching of art, craft and design</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Thu, 26 Nov 2009 01:12:51 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>virtualterritory &#187; lights</title>
		<link>http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com</link>
	</image>
			<item>
		<title>Obrut colour variations</title>
		<link>http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/obrut-colour-variations/</link>
		<comments>http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/obrut-colour-variations/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 26 Nov 2009 01:12:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>virtualterritory</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[craft]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lamp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lampe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[led]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[licht]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[web 2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[desk light]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gilbert riedelbauch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[highlights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[leds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[light]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ponoko]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[web2]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/?p=375</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This image shows some of the possible combination of materials and colours I played with for the 2nd series of this light object. Basically all 3mm materials could be used as a base. Ponoko has many exciting colours in their materials catalog.
       <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=virtualterritory.wordpress.com&blog=1137757&post=375&subd=virtualterritory&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>This image shows some of the possible combination of materials and colours I played with for the 2nd series of this light object. Basically all 3mm materials could be used as a base. Ponoko has many exciting colours in their <a href="http://www.ponoko.com/make-and-sell/materials">materials catalog</a>.</p>
<div id="attachment_376" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 510px"><a href="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/obrut-colours-1-750.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-376" title="Obrut colours 1" src="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/obrut-colours-1-750.jpg?w=500&#038;h=122" alt="Obrut light in different colors. This light is designed by Gilbert Riedelbauch" width="500" height="122" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Obrut light colour variations 1st set</p></div>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	
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			<media:title type="html">virtualterritory</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/obrut-colours-1-750.jpg" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Obrut colours 1</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Obrut light</title>
		<link>http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/2009/11/13/obrut-the-new-light/</link>
		<comments>http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/2009/11/13/obrut-the-new-light/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 14 Nov 2009 06:39:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>virtualterritory</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[craft]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[craft & design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lampe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[laser cutting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[licht]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[objects]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ponoko]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[technology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[web 2]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/?p=359</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I designed this light object with the idea to further integrate web2 based fabrication with my craft practice. The shade, base and fixture for the light emitter (LED) are all laser cut by Ponoko. I look forward to try a variety of materials for the base including acrylic using &#8216;iMacy&#8217; colours, bamboo and metals. The [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=virtualterritory.wordpress.com&blog=1137757&post=359&subd=virtualterritory&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>I designed this light object with the idea to further integrate web2 based fabrication with my craft practice. The shade, base and fixture for the light emitter (LED) are all laser cut by <a href="http://www.ponoko.com/" target="_blank">Ponoko</a>. I look forward to try a variety of materials for the base including acrylic using &#8216;iMacy&#8217; colours, bamboo and metals. The shade is white felt or polypropylene.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-360" title="obrut bw lit 1 800" src="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/obrut-bw-lit-1-800.jpg?w=300&#038;h=265" alt="Obrut light" width="300" height="265" /></p>
<p><img src="///Users/gr/Pictures/iPhoto%20Library/Originals/2009/Obrut%20light%201st%20images/obrut%20bw%20lit%201%20800.jpg" alt="" /><br />
The shade simply snaps into the base and forms a dome covering the warm-white 1 watt LED. A metal fixture holds the LED the switch and functions as cooling surface.</p>
<div id="attachment_361" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><img class="size-medium wp-image-361" title="Obrut parts" src="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/obrut-parts.jpg?w=300&#038;h=169" alt="Obrut parts" width="300" height="169" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Base - black acrylic, shade ploypropylene</p></div>
<div id="attachment_362" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><img class="size-medium wp-image-362" title="Obrut switch 390" src="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/obrut-switch-390.jpg?w=300&#038;h=300" alt="Obrut switch 390" width="300" height="300" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Shade close up with switch</p></div>
<p>Environmental aspects of this object: The LEDs used are highly energy efficient and have an expected life span of about 5 years of continuous operation till reaching 70% of their original brightness. All parts can be dissembled for recycling.﻿</p>
  <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gocomments/virtualterritory.wordpress.com/359/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/comments/virtualterritory.wordpress.com/359/" /></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/godelicious/virtualterritory.wordpress.com/359/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/delicious/virtualterritory.wordpress.com/359/" /></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gostumble/virtualterritory.wordpress.com/359/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/stumble/virtualterritory.wordpress.com/359/" /></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/godigg/virtualterritory.wordpress.com/359/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/digg/virtualterritory.wordpress.com/359/" /></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/goreddit/virtualterritory.wordpress.com/359/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/reddit/virtualterritory.wordpress.com/359/" /></a> <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=virtualterritory.wordpress.com&blog=1137757&post=359&subd=virtualterritory&ref=&feed=1" /></div>]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>3</slash:comments>
	
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			<media:title type="html">virtualterritory</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/obrut-bw-lit-1-800.jpg?w=300" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">obrut bw lit 1 800</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="///Users/gr/Pictures/iPhoto%20Library/Originals/2009/Obrut%20light%201st%20images/obrut%20bw%20lit%201%20800.jpg" medium="image" />

		<media:content url="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/obrut-parts.jpg?w=300" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Obrut parts</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/obrut-switch-390.jpg?w=300" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Obrut switch 390</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Quick link page for designer makers</title>
		<link>http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/2009/09/24/quick-link-page-for-designer-makers/</link>
		<comments>http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/2009/09/24/quick-link-page-for-designer-makers/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 25 Sep 2009 06:20:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>virtualterritory</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Links]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[craft]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[craft & design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[objects]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[technology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[web 2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bookmark]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[delicious]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[designer/maker]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[maker]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[web2]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/?p=348</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Anyone interested in web2 based fabrication, here is a &#8216;growing&#8217; collection of bookmarks. You will need to have a &#8216;delicious&#8217; account though. If you are logged onto &#8216;delicious&#8217; search for designartsanu and you will find these links.
These links are added for their relevance for making things from digital files eg images, text, vetor-based drawing (Illustrator) [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=virtualterritory.wordpress.com&blog=1137757&post=348&subd=virtualterritory&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>Anyone interested in web2 based fabrication, here is a &#8216;growing&#8217; collection of <a href="http://delicious.com/DesignArtsANU">bookmarks</a>. You will need to have a &#8216;delicious&#8217; account though. If you are logged onto &#8216;delicious&#8217; search for <a href="http://delicious.com/DesignArtsANU">designartsanu</a> and you will find these links.</p>
<div id="attachment_349" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 510px"><img class="size-full wp-image-349" title="designartsanudelicious 1" src="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/designartsanudelicious-1.png?w=500&#038;h=308" alt="bookmarks for designer maker" width="500" height="308" /><p class="wp-caption-text">bookmarks for designer maker</p></div>
<p>These links are added for their relevance for making things from digital files eg images, text, vetor-based drawing (Illustrator) or 3D files in .dxf format. I have referred to these services in earlier blogs about making a <a href="http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/2009/06/18/production-of-exhibition-catalogue-made-easy/">catalogue</a> or a <a href="http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/2009/06/17/web-2-and-distributed-manufacturing-for-designer-maker/">light</a> object. If you know about any further relevant links please let me know and I will add them.</p>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	
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			<media:title type="html">virtualterritory</media:title>
		</media:content>

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			<media:title type="html">designartsanudelicious 1</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Production of exhibition catalogue made easy</title>
		<link>http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/2009/06/18/production-of-exhibition-catalogue-made-easy/</link>
		<comments>http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/2009/06/18/production-of-exhibition-catalogue-made-easy/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 19 Jun 2009 10:33:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>virtualterritory</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[craft]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[craft & design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[exhibition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[led]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rapid prototyping]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[technology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[web 2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gilbert riedelbauch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[web2]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/?p=320</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[While sorting photos of a recent exhibition using iPhoto on an Apple Mac I explored the &#8216;book&#8217; option in this free software. After selecting one of the many layout templates it was easy to populate the pages with images. The basic image editing tools in iPhoto also helped to improve the look of the pictures [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=virtualterritory.wordpress.com&blog=1137757&post=320&subd=virtualterritory&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>While sorting photos of a recent exhibition using iPhoto on an Apple Mac I explored the &#8216;book&#8217; option in this free software. After selecting one of the many layout templates it was easy to populate the pages with images. The basic image editing tools in <a href="http://www.apple.com/ilife/iphoto/" target="_blank">iPhoto</a> also helped to improve the look of the pictures significantly. After tweaking the templates and adding the images and some text, I only needed to press the &#8216;buy&#8217; button and through my Apple account the prove of my catalog was on its way to be printed. This is just another example of a web2 based production method.</p>
<div id="attachment_321" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 455px"><img class="size-full wp-image-321" title="iPhoto-book-highlights-09" src="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/iphoto-book-highlights-09.jpg?w=445&#038;h=281" alt="iPhoto-book-highlights-09" width="445" height="281" /><p class="wp-caption-text">iPhoto book interface</p></div>
<p>The price of about $25 (Australian) for each copy is good if one needs only a few copies instead of hundreds to make a traditional print-run viable. I also used a pdf export of this catalog to get 20 copies printed locally, the price was comparable but the quality of the &#8216;Apple&#8217; print was superior. You can <a href="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/highlights-by-gilbert-riedelbauch-500kb.pdf" target="_blank">download (500KB)</a> a low res pdf of this catalog.</p>
<p>I have now a lasting document that helps with promoting my work and a little giveaway for everyone who supported my work. In the process I also registered as a publisher and this booklet has an ISBN. This might sound like a lot of effort for a little 30 page publication, but this catalog documents my recent &#8216;<a href="http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/highlights-exhibitions/" target="_blank">highlights</a>&#8216; exhibition, which in turn represented the outcome of an intensive period of research and work as part of my professional practice.</p>
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		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
	
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			<media:title type="html">virtualterritory</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">iPhoto-book-highlights-09</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>web 2 and distributed manufacturing for designer &#8211; maker</title>
		<link>http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/2009/06/17/web-2-and-distributed-manufacturing-for-designer-maker/</link>
		<comments>http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/2009/06/17/web-2-and-distributed-manufacturing-for-designer-maker/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 18 Jun 2009 09:11:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>virtualterritory</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[FDM]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[craft]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[craft & design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rapid prototyping]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[research]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[technology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[desk light]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[digital]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gilbert riedelbauch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[highlights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kunst]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lamp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[light]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/?p=314</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Based on web 2 technologies, a growing variety of production processes are becoming easily accessible for anyone.
An online interface makes highly specialized technologies available. Once you setup your account, payment and shipping options are selected you can start producing and in some cases have access to a network of like-minded users or potential customers.
Companies like [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=virtualterritory.wordpress.com&blog=1137757&post=314&subd=virtualterritory&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>Based on web 2 technologies, a growing variety of production processes are becoming easily accessible for anyone.<br />
An online interface makes highly specialized technologies available. Once you setup your account, payment and shipping options are selected you can start producing and in some cases have access to a network of like-minded users or potential customers.<br />
Companies like <a href="http://www.ponoko.com/" target="_blank">Ponoko</a> (laser cutting and engraving), <a href="http://au.redeyeondemand.com/Default.aspx" target="_blank">RedEye</a> (Rapid Prototyping) and <a title="Blurb" href="http://www.blurb.com/" target="_blank">blurb</a> (bookmaking) can successfully contribute to a designer/maker practice. A competent level of computer skills are required to address these services to achieve the best outcome. For waterjet or laser cutting, which are essentially two dimensional processes, of flat or sheet materials the mastery of a vector-based graphics program like Adobe Illustrator is essential. To use the RedEye &#8216;factory of the future&#8217; one needs to generate a .stl file of a virtual 3D object that had been modeled in a CAD program.<br />
The underlying specialized technology, for a long time the domain of the manufacturing industry, is expensive and usually out of reach of a single craft practitioner. If acquired, such equipment would &#8216;tie&#8217; the individual maker to this technology for a long time and introducing a high level of risk to their business. Not to mention high running cost and that these digitally based technologies become obsolete within a few years.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img class="size-full wp-image-315 aligncenter" title="desk lamp head" src="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/desk-lamp-head.png?w=316&#038;h=141" alt="desk lamp head" width="316" height="141" /></p>
<p>I have used several of these processes while designing and making the &#8216;<a href="http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/2008/09/25/preparing-for-highlights-3/" target="_blank">desk light</a>&#8216;, it has a waterjet cut stainless steel plate, a lasercut lamp shade (Ponoko) and Rapid Prototyping parts. Using these technologies has led the design process to new solutions and made the making of this light relatively easy.</p>
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		<title>Highlights Exhibitions</title>
		<link>http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/highlights-exhibitions/</link>
		<comments>http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/highlights-exhibitions/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2009 00:54:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>virtualterritory</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[FDM]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[craft & design]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[exhibition]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[My first solo exhibition since 2001 called &#8216;Highlights&#8217; opened in February 2009 at Craft ACT in Canberra and then in May at Metalab, in Sydney. Many thanks to Catrina Vignando, general manager Craft Australia and Grace Cochran who have opened those shows respectively. Highlights represents a change in my practice with the focus on light [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=virtualterritory.wordpress.com&blog=1137757&post=278&subd=virtualterritory&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>My first solo exhibition since 2001 called &#8216;Highlights&#8217; opened in February 2009 at <a href="http://www.craftact.org.au/exhibitions/2009EX1G1">Craft ACT</a> in Canberra and then in May at <a href="http://www.metalab.com.au/default.php?pg=exhibitions.php&amp;c=3&amp;sc=73">Metalab</a>, in Sydney. Many thanks to Catrina Vignando, general manager <a href="http://www.craftaustralia.org.au/">Craft Australia</a> and Grace Cochran who have opened those shows respectively. Highlights represents a change in my practice with the focus on light objects as well as highlighting how combining making processes (manual, digital and distributed) can address the designer/maker model as a contemporary approach to craft.<a href="http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/2008/09/25/preparing-for-highlights-3"> See earlier post of the design/making of the light &#8216;Desk 30&#8242;.</a></p>
<p>The exhibitions were well received and successfully set up by Jason Hugonnet, curator and exhibition manager Craft ACT and Cesar Cueva, director of Metalab. Please find Jason Hugonnet&#8217;s <a href="http://www.craftact.org.au/exhibitions/2009EX1G1">exhibition review</a> here.</p>
<div id="attachment_284" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 510px"><img class="size-full wp-image-284" title="Highlights at CraftACT" src="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/highlights-at-craftact-8001.jpg?w=500&#038;h=285" alt="Highlights at CraftACT" width="500" height="285" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Highlights at CraftACT, Canberra, Image by Creative Image Photography</p></div>
<div id="attachment_285" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 510px"><img class="size-full wp-image-285" title="highlight show at metalab" src="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/highlight-show-at-metalab1.png?w=500&#038;h=335" alt="Highlights at metalab, Sydney" width="500" height="335" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Highlights at metalab, Sydney. Image &#39;Indesignlive.com&#39;</p></div>
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		<title>Ist Albrecht Dürer ein Fehler unterlaufen? Eine überraschende Entdeckung in seinem Holzschnitt ‘Der Zeichner der Laute’</title>
		<link>http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/2007/06/02/ist-albrecht-durer-ein-fehler-unterlaufen-eine-uberraschende-entdeckung-in-seinem-holzschinttes-%e2%80%98der-zeichner-der-laute%e2%80%99/</link>
		<comments>http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/2007/06/02/ist-albrecht-durer-ein-fehler-unterlaufen-eine-uberraschende-entdeckung-in-seinem-holzschinttes-%e2%80%98der-zeichner-der-laute%e2%80%99/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 03 Jun 2007 03:32:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>virtualterritory</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Albrecht]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Duerer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Renaissance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[conference]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[craft & design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[deutsch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[forschung]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[german]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lights]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Dürer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gilbert riedelbauch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[historisch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kunst]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[laute]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[perspektive]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[ Link to English version 
Visuelle Untersuchung des Holzschinttes ‘Der Zeichner der Laute’, bei Albrecht Dürer, 1525.
Siehe auch: Dürer hatte einen Mann im Sinn und nicht eine Frau &#8211; Fehldeutungen über den Holzschnitt &#8216;Ein Mann zeichnet eine liegende Frau&#8217;. (Blog in Englisch)
Was folgt ist ein direktes Ergebnis unterrichts gestützter Forschung.
Auf der Suche nach historischem Bezugsmaterial [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=virtualterritory.wordpress.com&blog=1137757&post=64&subd=virtualterritory&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p><a href="http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/2007/05/31/did-albrecht-duerer-got-it-wrong-a-surprise-discovery-in-one-of-his-prints/"> Link to English version </a><br />
Visuelle Untersuchung des Holzschinttes ‘Der Zeichner der Laute’, bei Albrecht Dürer, 1525.</p>
<p><a href="http://virtualterritory.wordpress.com/2008/10/05/one-of-duerers-prints-in-the-context-of-gender-feminism-and-other-theories/">Siehe auch: Dürer hatte einen Mann im Sinn und nicht eine Frau &#8211; Fehldeutungen über den Holzschnitt &#8216;Ein Mann zeichnet eine liegende Frau&#8217;. (Blog in Englisch)</a></p>
<p>Was folgt ist ein direktes Ergebnis unterrichts gestützter Forschung.</p>
<p>Auf der Suche nach historischem Bezugsmaterial für unsere neue Design Basisklasse fiel mir der Holzschnitt ‘Der Zeichner der Laute’ von Albrecht Dürer auf. <a title="Man drawing a Lute AD 1525" href="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/a-duerer-a-man-drawing-a-lute-sml-512.jpg"><img src="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/a-duerer-a-man-drawing-a-lute-sml-512.thumbnail.jpg" alt="Durer,Man drawing a Lute AD 1525, Riedelbauch" align="left" /></a>Ich konnte nicht voraussehen, dass dieser weltbekannte Druck mich in eine umfassende Internet- und Literaturforschung führen und mich am Ende den Meister der Nördlichen Renaissance noch mehr schätzen lernen würde. Die Entdeckung und Ergebnisse sind in den folgenden Zeilen und Abbildungen festgehalten.</p>
<p><a title="duerer-selbstbildnis.jpg" href="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/duerer-selbstbildnis.jpg"><img src="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/duerer-selbstbildnis.thumbnail.jpg" alt="duerer-selbstbildnis.jpg" align="left" /></a></p>
<p>Albrecht Dürer, der bedeutende Künstler wurde 1471 in Nürnberg &#8211; zu seiner Zeit ein Zentrum des Kunsthandwerkes &#8211; geboren. Er war gebildet und mit vielen seiner einflussreichen Zeitgenossen befreundet. Seine Reisen nach Italien, der Schweiz und in die Niederlande machten ihn damals zu einem Kosmopoliten. Während seiner zweiten Italienreise schrieb er 1506 an den Humanisten und Freund Willibald Pirckheimer, es würde ihm jemand mehr über ‘geheime Kunst der Perspektive’ zeigen. (a, Strauss 1977). Zweifellos waren es die Einsichten in diese Kunst, die ihn die perspektivischen Apparate entwickeln liessen, die er in seinen Büchern so überzeugend illustrierte.</p>
<p>Albrecht Dürer ist für seine Gravuren, Holzschnitte, Gemälde sowie für seine illustrierten Bücher, wie dasjenige über die ‘Underweysung der Messung Mit dem Zirckel un Richtscheyt’<a title="durer-manual-cover-512.jpg" href="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/durer-manual-cover-512.jpg"><img style="float:left;margin:10px 15px 15px 10px;" src="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/durer-manual-cover-512.thumbnail.jpg" alt="durer-manual-cover-512.jpg" /></a> bekannt. Der Holzdruck ‘Der Zeichner der Laute’ ist im vierten Band der ‘Unterweissungen’ unter dem Kapitel ‘Über die Theorie der Perspektive’ zu finden. Darin illustrierte Dürer wie man mittels seiner praktischen Vorrichtung eine detaillierte perspektivische Abbildung auf einer schwenkbaren Leinwand festhalten kann. In der ersten Auflage von 1525 zeigt Dürer zwei Vorrichtungen die es ermöglichen eine Perspektive korrekt abzubilden. Zur Neuauflage dieses Buches, -es erschien 1528  in Dürer’s Todesjahr-, hatte er drei weitere Apparaturen entwickelt. Sein Ruf als Künstler, sein Interesse an der Geometrie und seine Erfindungen lassen ihn ebenbürtig neben Raphael und Leonardo da Vinci erscheinen.</p>
<p>Ich verwende Albrecht Dürer’s Druck mit der Laute in meinem Unterricht, da er das Prinzip der Bildebene klar illustriert. Um die Abhängigkeit der Abbildungsgröße vom Abstand der Bildebene zum Betrachtungspunkt zu demonstrieren, habe ich eine ‘zeitgenössische’ Variante dieses dürerischen Systems entwickelt.<a title="student-durer-laser-512.jpg" href="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/student-durer-laser-512.jpg"><img style="float:left;margin:10px 15px 15px 10px;" src="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/student-durer-laser-512.thumbnail.jpg" alt="student-durer-laser-512.jpg" /></a> Zwei Glasplatten werden in etwa einem Meter Abstand voneinander so aufgestellt, dass ein Objekt durch beide Glasplatten (Bildebenen) betrachtet werden kann. Ein Laserpointer, auf einem Stativ montiert, verkörpert den Betrachtungspunkt. Wenn aktiviert, leuchtet der Laserstrahl durch beide Glasplatten auf das Objekt und lässt gleichzeitig einen roten Punkt auf beiden Bildebenen sowie dem Objekt erscheinen. Die Studenten tasten dann das Objekt mit dem Laser Punkt für Punkt ab und markieren die dominierenden topologischen Merkmale auf den gläsernen Bildebenen. Beide Glasplatten zeigen, wie erwartet, eine gleiche Punktverteilung, jedoch in zwei verschiedenen Größen. Photokopien von beiden Bildebenen erlauben den Studenten dann perspektivisch korrekte Zeichnungen in zwei verschiedenen Größen anzufertigen.<a title="laser-dot-drawing-512.jpg" href="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/laser-dot-drawing-512.jpg"><img src="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/laser-dot-drawing-512.thumbnail.jpg" alt="laser-dot-drawing-512_Riedelbauch.jpg" align="left" /></a></p>
<p>Durch diese Erfahrung mit meinen Studenten, bekam ich eine gute Vorstellung von dem Zusammenhang des Abstandes Betrachtungspunkt/Bildebene und der Abbildungsgröße. Bei näherer Betrachtung des Dürer Druckes fiel mir auf, dass die Abbildung der Laute zu groß erscheint. Ich öffnete eine digitale Version dieses Bildes in der Bildbearbeitungs Software ‘Photoshop’ zur visuellen Untersuchung. Nachdem ich die Leinwand mit der Laute in Dürer’s Druck isoliert und perspektivisch korrekt manipuliert hatte, konnte ich eine Kopie davon in den offenen Rahmen projizieren. Die Verbindungslinie (Faden), die den Taststab an der Laute und den Betrachtungspunkt an der Wand verbindet, durchdringt die simulierte Leinwand in der korrespondierenden richtigen Position . Jedoch, wenn man einen anderen Punkt an der Laute wählt, wie z. B. den Berührungspunkt des Griffbrettes mit der Tischoberfläche, stellt sich heraus, dass der Projektionsstrahl zum Betrachtungspunkt die Leinwand nicht an der korrekten Stelle durchdringt.</p>
<p><a title="Durer_Man_Drawing_A_Lute_Riedelbauch_fig07.jpg" href="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/riedelbauch_fig07.jpg"><img src="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/riedelbauch_fig07.thumbnail.jpg" alt="Durer_Man_Drawing_A_Lute_Riedelbauch_fig07.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>Dürer’s Zeichnung der Laute ist überdimensioniert, zu groß. Verbindet man den Berührungspunkt des Griffbrettes mit dem korrespondierenden Punkt in der Leinwand, zeigt sich, dass dieser Projektionsstrahl weder zum Betrachtungspunkt zeigt, noch mit der ersterwähnten korrekten Linie konvergiert, also keinen gemeinsamen Betrachtungspunk hat.</p>
<p><a title="Durer_Man_Drawing_A_Lute_Riedelbauch_fig09.jpg" href="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/riedelbauch_fig09.jpg"><img src="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/riedelbauch_fig09.thumbnail.jpg" alt="Durer_Man_Drawing_A_Lute_Riedelbauch_fig09.jpg" /></a></p>
<p>Ich war überrascht, dass Dürer, ein Meister der Zentralperspektive – die Zweipunktperspektive war zu seiner Zeit noch nicht entwickelt – solch eine fehlerhafte Darstellung veröffentlichen würde. Ebenso verblüffte mich, dass eine Illustration von Prinzipien perspektivischer Darstellung ihre eigenen Regeln so eindeutig ignoriert. Es war weiterhin erstaunlich, dass ich keine Hinweise in der kunsthistorischen Literatur in Bezug auf diesen Fehler in dem so bekannten Holzschnitt finden konnte.</p>
<p>Was veranlasste Dürer diesen Fehler in seinem Buch abdrucken zu lassen? Platzierte er den Rahmen zu weit rechts, um der dominierenden Person &#8211; ich vermutete sie stelle den Meister dar – mehr Raum zu geben, während der Assistent, der den Schnittpunkt des Fadens im Rahmen festhält, sich mit eingeschränktem Raum abzufinden hatte? Es erschien plausible und Dürer’s Eitelkeit entsprechend, dass dem Meister mehr Raum zugeordnet werden musste. Jedoch sollte mich der Meister selbst eines Besseren belehren. In seinen Anweisungen zu diesem perspektivischen Zeichenapparat schreibt er: (sinngemäß) “Nun gehe wie folgt vor. Platziere eine Laute oder ein anderes Objekt nach eigenem Gutdünken vor den Rahmen, jedoch so, dass sich das Objekt während der Arbeit nicht bewegt. Lasse Deinen Assistenten den Taster hantieren….”. Dies stellt ohne Zweifel klar, dass die Figur rechts in der Abbildung den Meister darstellt und nicht den Assistenten wie ich fälschlicherweise angenommen hatte.</p>
<p>Die Abbildung der Laute ist als Punktzeichnung wahrheitsgemäss umrissen, jedoch zu gross für den Rahmen in der gezeigten Position. Es stellt sich die Frage:’ Wo müsste der Rahmen stehen, um die Punktzeichnung der Laute in der dargestellten Grösse erscheinen zu lassen? Wie das Laserexperiment mit den Studenten bestätigt, ist die Abbildung umso grösser je näher die Bildebene &#8211; der Rahmen mit der Leinwand – beim Objekt ist. In Dürer’s Holzschnitt müsste der Rahmen mehr nach links, also näher an die Laute rücken. Im weiteren fiel mir bei genauerer Betrachtung des Holzschnittes die eigenartige Stellung der linken Hand des Assistenten auf, dessen ausgestreckter Arm mehr auf der empfindlichen Vorrichtung mit der geöffneten Leinwand zu lasten schien, anstatt diese zu unterstützen. Mit Hilfe der Bildbearbeitungs Software verschob und verkleinerte ich den Rahmen bis er genau in die Hand des Assistenten passte. In dieser Position ist der Rahmen nur von der Seite zu sehen und stellt sich als senkrechte Leiste dar. Anschliessend markierte ich drei Referenzpunkte auf der Punktzeichnung der ausgeklappten Leinwand. Der erste Punkt, von Dürer selbst gewählt, markiert den Berührungspunkt des Taststabes mit der Laute, der zweite ist am Ende des Griffbrettes, und der dritte schliesslich zeigt die Stelle, wo der Hals des Instrumentes auf dem Tisch aufliegt. Im nächsten Schritt habe ich dann diese drei Punkte am Instrument selbst markiert und sie dann durch Linien mit dem Betrachtungspunkt an der Wand verbunden.</p>
<p><a title="Durer_Man_Drawing_A_Lute_Riedelbauch_fig11.jpg" href="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/riedelbauch_fig11.jpg"><img src="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/riedelbauch_fig11.thumbnail.jpg" alt="Durer_Man_Drawing_A_Lute_Riedelbauch_fig11.jpg" /></a>Nun veränderte ich die Position einer Leinwandkopie mit der Punktzeichung und den Referenzpunkten und verkleinerte diese perspektivisch korrekt bis sie der Rahmengrösse entsprach. Da die Leinwand zusammen mit dem Rahmen nun in die Mitte des Druckes zu stehen kommt, erscheinen sie &#8211; typisch für die Zentralperspektive &#8211; in der Seitenansicht. Dafür zeigt sich nun klar, dass alle Elemente, die Bezugspunkte am Instrument zusammen mit ihren Referenzpunkten auf der Leinwand im Betrachtungspunkt konvergieren.</p>
<p><a title="Durer_Man_Drawing_A_Lute_Riedelbauch_fig12.jpg" href="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/riedelbauch_fig12.jpg"><img src="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/riedelbauch_fig12.thumbnail.jpg" alt="Durer_Man_Drawing_A_Lute_Riedelbauch_fig12.jpg" /></a>Das lässt den Schluss zu, dass Dürer ursprünglich geplant hatte den Rahmen dem Assistenten in die Hand zu geben, um dadurch die grösstmögliche Abbildung der Laute zu erreichen. Diese Stellung des Rahmens reduzierte jedoch die Klarheit der Illustration, da der Rahmen nur als Leiste zu sehen ist, und die Leinwand samt den Referenzpunkten von der Durchdringung des Tasterfadens unsichtbar bleibt.</p>
<p>Meine Schlussfolgerung ist, dass Albrecht Dürer bewusst die geometrisch richtige Darstellung zu Gunsten einer besseren Illustration des Prinzips aufgab. Dürer spielt mit den Bildelementen und gibt unserem Wahrnehmungssinn in einer pseudo-realen Konstruktion den Eindruck einer wahrheitsgemässen Situation. Er hat diese Illustration so überzeugend in den Block geschnitten, dass es fast fünfhundert Jahre und die Entwicklung benutzerfreundlicher Bildbearbeitungs &#8211; Software bedurfte um diese Täuschung aufzuzeigen. Der Holzschnitt, der über Jahrhunderte so erfolgreich Prinzipien der Perspektive darstellte, hat für mich dadurch nur noch mehr an Wert gewonnen, da er eine Geschichte erzählt. Eine Geschichte über die Illustration von Prinzipien der Zentralperspektive und zugleich von den Grenzen dieses Abbildungssystems. Es war zu keiner Zeit meine Absicht diesen Meister der Renaissance zu kritisieren oder herabzusetzen, Dürer selbst steht mir hier zur Seite. Er schreibt in einem Entwurf eines Vorwortes zu einem geplanten Buch (c, Strauss, 1977):”Aber mit Gottes Hilfe möchte ich das Bisschen, das ich gelernt habe publizieren, selbst auf die Gefahr, dass man mich verspottet. Es soll mir aber nichts ausmachen.”</p>
<p>Strauss W. (1977). (a), The literary remains of Albrecht Dürer. Translation of and comments to The Painter’s Manual by Dürer A. (1525) Page 7. New York. Abaris Books.</p>
<p>Strauss W. (1977). (b), The literary remains of Albrecht Dürer. Translation of and comments to The Painter’s Manual by Dürer A. (1525) Page 391. New York. Abaris Books.</p>
<p>Strauss W. (1977). (c), The literary remains of Albrecht Dürer. Translation of and comments to The Painter’s Manual by Dürer A. (1525) Page 8. New York. Abaris Books.</p>
<p>These initial outcomes had been presented at <a href="http://arts.anu.edu.au/humanities/authenticity/"> Art and Authenticity </a> at the Australian National University in November 2006, Canberra and at the <a href="http://www.acuads.com.au/"> ACUADS </a>conference in September 2006, Melbourne.</p>
<p>Vielen Dank an Fritz Thurnheer für die geduldige Hilfe bei der Uebersetzung dieses Textes ins Deutsche.</p>
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		<title>first lines</title>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 22 May 2007 13:55:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>virtualterritory</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[craft & design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lights]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[rapidprototyping]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[What I like to focus on and bring to this blog is expressed in a short text as part of the  de/sign/ed  catalogue from 2005, it reads: 
As much as the mind links an idea with a design solution, the hand connects design to the making process. Making becomes the extension of design [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=virtualterritory.wordpress.com&blog=1137757&post=5&subd=virtualterritory&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p class="Noparagraphstyle"><span class="CharacterStyle1"><span style="font-size:8pt;color:windowtext;line-height:120%;"><a href="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/led-tall-close-up-1-sml.jpg" title="feather light 1 detail"></a>What I like to focus on and bring to this blog is expressed in a short text as part of the <a href="http://www.anu.edu.au/ITA/CSA/DesignArts/DesignedCatalogue/"> de/sign/ed </a> catalogue from 2005, it reads: </span></span></p>
<p class="Noparagraphstyle"><span class="CharacterStyle1"><span style="font-size:8pt;color:windowtext;line-height:120%;">As much as the mind links an idea with a design solution, the hand connects design to the making process. Making becomes the extension of design and forms the essence of craft.</span></span></p>
<p class="Noparagraphstyle"><span class="CharacterStyle1"><span style="font-size:8pt;color:windowtext;line-height:120%;">New technologies play an ever increasing part in my working practice. The skillful manipulation of tools and process’ &#8211; the basis of making – is equally important for digital work and require an experienced hand. This augments and expands all aspects from sketching to the making, digital technologies have a hand in it. Using the old together with the new calls for new design solutions and informs the resulting objects. Traditional silversmithing techniques interact with rapid prototyping parts and the virtual 3D space of the CAD program feels like an extension to my workshop. </span></span></p>
<p><span class="CharacterStyle1"><span style="font-size:8pt;">The pleasure is in the making wherever and however it happens.</span></span></p>
<p><span class="CharacterStyle1"><span style="font-size:8pt;"></span></span></p>
<p><span class="CharacterStyle1"><span style="font-size:8pt;"><span class="CharacterStyle1"><span style="font-size:8pt;color:windowtext;line-height:120%;"><a href="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/led-tall-close-up-1-sml.jpg" title="feather light 1 detail"><img src="http://virtualterritory.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/led-tall-close-up-1-sml.thumbnail.jpg" alt="feather light 1 detail" /></a></span></span></span></span></p>
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